Chapter 23: Economics, Environment, and Sustainability
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Section 1: How are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
Concept 23-1: Ecological economists and most sustainability experts regard human economic systems as subsystems of the biosphere. Section 2: How Can We Estimate the Values of Natural Capital, Pollution Control, and Resource Use?
Concept 23-2A: Economists have developed several ways to estimate the present and future values of a resource or ecosystem service, and optimum levels of pollution control and resource use. Concept 23-2B: Comparing the likely costs and benefits of an environmental action is useful, but it involves many uncertainties. |
Section 3: How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
Concept 23-3: We can use resources more sustainably by including the harmful environmental and health costs of producing goods and services in their market prices (full-cost pricing); by subsidizing environmentally beneficial goods and services; and by taxing pollution and waste instead of wages and profits. Section 4: How Can Reducing Poverty Help Us to Deal with Environmental Problems?
Concept 23-4: Reducing poverty can help us to reduce population growth, resource use, and. environmental degradation. Section 5: How Can We Make the Transition to More Environmentally Sustainable Economies?
Concept 23-5: We can use the principles of sustainability, as well as various economic and environmental strategies, to develop more environmentally sustainable economies. |
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