Chapter 11: Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
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Section 1: What Are the Major Threats to Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services?
Concept 11-1: Aquatic species and the ecosystem and economic services they provide are threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation, all made worse by the growth of the human population and resource use. Section 2: How Can We Protect and Sustain Marine Biodiversity?
Concept 11-2: We can help to sustain marine biodiversity by using laws and economic incentives to protect species, setting aside marine reserves to protect ecosystems and ecosystem services, and using community-based integrated coastal management. Section 3: How should We Manage and Sustain Marine Fisheries?
Concept 11-3: Sustaining marine fisheries will require improved monitoring of fish and shellfish populations, cooperative fisheries management among communities and nations, reduction of fishing subsidies, and careful consumer choices in buying seafood. |
Section 4: How Should We Protect and Sustain Wetlands?
Concept 11-4: We can maintain the ecosystem and economic services of wetlands by protecting remaining wetlands and restoring degraded wetlands. Section 5: How Should We Protect and Sustain Freshwater Lakes, Rivers, and Fisheries?
Concept 11-5: Freshwater ecosystems are strongly affected by human activities on adjacent lands, and protection of these ecosystems must include protection of their watersheds. Section 6: What Should Be our Priorities for Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity?
Concept 11-6: Sustaining the world's aquatic biodiversity requires mapping it, protecting aquatic hotspots, creating large and fully protected marine reserves, protecting freshwater ecosystems, and restoring degraded coastal and inland wetlands. |
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