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    • Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Science >
      • Chapter 1: Science and the Environment >
        • Section 1: Understanding Our Environment
        • Section 2: The Environment and Society
      • Chapter 2: Tools of Environmental Science >
        • Section 1: Scientific Methods
        • Section 2: Statistics and Models
        • Section 3: Making Informed Decisions
      • Chapter 3: The Dynamic Earth >
        • Section 1: The Geosphere
        • Section 2: The Atmosphere
        • Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere
    • Unit 2: Ecology >
      • Chapter 4: The Organization of Life >
        • Section 1: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
        • Section 2: Evolution
        • Section 3: The Diversity of Living Things
      • Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work >
        • Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
        • Section 2: The Cycling of Materials
        • Section 3: How Ecosystems Change
      • Chapter 6: Biomes >
        • Section 1: What is a Biome?
        • Section 2: Forest Biomes
        • Section 3: Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes
      • Chapter 7: Aquatic Ecosystems >
        • Section 1: Freshwater Ecosystems
        • Section 2: Marine Ecosystems
    • Unit 3: Populations >
      • Chapter 8: Understanding Populations >
        • Section 1: How Populations Change in Size
        • Section 2: How Species Interact with Each Other
      • Chapter 9: The Human Population >
        • Section 1: Studying Human Populations
        • Section 2: Changing Population Trends
      • Chapter 10: Biodiversity >
        • Section 1: What is Biodiversity?
        • Section 2: Biodiversity at Risk
        • Section 3: The Future of Biodiversity
    • Unit 4: Water, Air, and Land >
      • Chapter 11: Water >
        • Section 1: Water Resources
        • Section 2: Water Use and Management
        • Section 3: Water Pollution
      • Chapter 12: Air >
        • Section 1: What Causes Air Pollution?
        • Section 2: Air, Noise, and Light Pollution
        • Section 3: Acid Precipitation
      • Chapter 13: Atmosphere and Climate Change >
        • Section 1: Climate and Climate Change
        • Section 2: The Ozone Shield
        • Section 3: Global Warming
      • Chapter 14: Land >
        • Section 1: How We Use Land
        • Section 2: Urban Land Use
        • Section 3: Land Management and Conservation
      • Chapter 15: Food and Agriculture >
        • Section 1: Feeding the World
        • Section 2: Crops and Soil
        • Section 3: Animals and Agriculture
    • Unit 5: Mineral and Energy Resources >
      • Chapter 16: Mining and Mineral Resources >
        • Section 1: Minerals and Mineral Resources
        • Section 2: Mineral Exploration and Mining
        • Section 3: Mining Regulations and Mine Reclamation
      • Chapter 17: Nonrenewable Energy >
        • Section 1: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
        • Section 2: Nuclear Energy
      • Chapter 18: Renewable Energy >
        • Section 1: Renewable Energy Today
        • Section 2: Alternative Energy and Conservation
      • Chapter 19: Waste >
        • Section 1: Solid Waste
        • Section 2: Reducing Solid Waste
        • Section 3: Hazardous Wastes
    • Unit 6: Our Health and Future >
      • Chapter 20: The Environment and Human Health >
        • Section 1: Pollution and Human Health
        • Section 2: Biological Hazards
      • Chapter 21: Economics, Policy, and the Future >
        • Section 1: Economics and International Cooperation
        • Section 2: Environmental Policies in the United States
        • Section 3: The Importance of the Individual
  • AP Environmental Science
    • First Week Stuff
    • Unit I: Humans and Sustainability: An Overview >
      • Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
    • Unit II: Science, Ecological Principles, and Sustainability >
      • Chapter 2: Science, Matter, Energy, and Systems
      • Chapter 3: Ecosystems: What are They and How Do They Work?
      • Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution
      • Chapter 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control
      • Chapter 6: The Human Population and Its Impact
      • Chapter 7: Climate and Biodiversity
      • Chapter 8: Aquatic Biodiversity
    • Unit III: Sustaining Biodiversity >
      • Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity: Saving Species and Ecosystem Services
      • Chapter 10: Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services
      • Chapter 11: Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
    • Unit IV: Sustaining Natural Resources >
      • Chapter 12: Food Production and the Environment
      • Chapter 13: Water Resources
      • Chapter 14: Nonrenewable Mineral Resources
      • Chapter 15: Nonrenewable Energy
      • Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
    • Unit V: Sustaining Environmental Quality >
      • Chapter 17: Environmental Hazards and Human Health
      • Chapter 18: Air Pollution
      • Chapter 19: Climate Disruption
      • Chapter 20: Water Pollution
      • Chapter 21: Solid and Hazardous Waste
      • Chapter 22: Urbanization and Sustainability
    • Unit VI: Sustaining Human Societies >
      • Chapter 23: Economics, Environment, and Sustainability
      • Chapter 24: Politics, Environment, and Sustainability
      • Chapter 25: Environmental Worldviews, Ethics, and Sustainability
  • Chemistry
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    • Matter

Chapter 12:  Food Production and the Environment


Section 1:  What is Food Security and Why is it Difficult to Attain?

​Concept 12-1A:  
Many people in less-developed countries have health problems from not getting enough food, while many people in more-developed countries suffer health problems from eating too much.
​
Concept 12-1B:  The greatest obstacle to providing enough food for everyone are poverty, war, bad weather, climate change, and the harmful environmental effects of industrialized food production.

Section 2:  How is Food Produced?

Concept 12-2:  We have used high-input industrialized agriculture and lower-input traditional agriculture to greatly increase food supplies.


Section 3:  What Environmental Problems Arise from Industrialized Food Production?

Concept 12-3:  Future food production may be limited by soil erosion and degradation, desertification, irrigation water shortages, air and water pollution, climate change, and loss of biodiversity.

Section 4:  How Can We Protect Crops from Pests More Sustainably?

Concept 12-4:  We can sharply cut pesticide use without decreasing crop yields by using a mix of cultivation techniques, biological pest controls, and small amounts of selected chemical pesticides as a last resort (integrated pest management).

Section 5:  How Can We Improve Food Security?

Concept 12-5:  We can improve food security by reducing poverty and chronic malnutrition, relying more on locally grown food, and cutting food waste.


Section 6:  How Can We Produce Food More Sustainably?

Concept 12-6:  We can produce food more sustainably by using resources more efficiently, sharply decreasing the harmful environmental effects of industrialized food production, and eliminating government subsidies that promote such harmful impacts.

Files:
APES Ch. 12 Presentation
File Size: 10190 kb
File Type: pptx
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APES Ch. 12 Student Notes
File Size: 33 kb
File Type: docx
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APES Ch. 12 Glossary
File Size: 17 kb
File Type: docx
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Key Terms:
  • agrobiodiversity
  • agroforestry
  • alley cropping
  • animal manure
  • aquaculture
  • biofuel
  • chronic malnutrition
  • chronic undernutrition
  • compost
  • conservation-tillage farming
  • contour farming
  • crop rotation
  • desertification
  • famine
  • feedlot
  • fish farming
  • food insecurity
  • food security
  • fungicide
  • gene splicing
  • genetically modified organism (GMO)
  • green manure
  • green revolution
  • herbicide
  • high-input agriculture
  • humus
  • hunger
  • hydroponics
  • industrialized agriculture
  • insecticide
  • irrigation
  • manure
  • monoculture
  • organic agriculture
  • organic farming
  • organic fertilizer
  • overnutrition
  • pest
  • pesticide
  • plantation agriculture
  • polyculture
  • salinization
  • shelterbelt
  • slash-and-burn agriculture
  • soil
  • soil conservation
  • soil erosion
  • soil salinization
  • strip-cropping
  • subsistence farming
  • terracing
  • topsoil
  • traditional intensive agriculture
  • traditional subsistence agriculture
  • waterlogging
  • weathering
  • windbreak
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